Comparing Energy in Building Standards from Around the World
Six months ago, we published our first subsection comparison of building standards focusing on Embodied Carbon: 'Comparing Embodied Carbon in Building Standards from Around the World’. We are back with another report, this time delving into another subsection of the criteria requirements: Energy.
What is Energy in Building Standards?
Carbon emissions from operational energy are a major component of global emissions. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), energy-related carbon emissions account for approximately two-thirds of global carbon emissions with buildings being responsible for about 30% of global energy consumption (Source: IEA).
Building standards are often designed and developed to promote the efficient use of energy in buildings to achieve carbon reduction and advance sustainability. Many building standards include energy as part of their requirements and/or scoring. The table below provides an overview of building standards that include energy-related components as part of its audit:
● Required ○ Optional - Not Specified
Table 1: Overview of energy information for building standards. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
Out of the 19 building standards from 'Comparing Building Standards from Around the World v2', 15 have references to energy, including: RESET, LEED v5, BREEAM v6, LBC v4.0, Passive House, Green Globes, Energy Star, BOMA BEST, DGNB (In-Use), SG Green Mark (2021), NABERS, Home Perfomance Index, CASBEE, HKGBC BEAM Plus, and China Green Building Standard.
For this report, we compare the energy requirements of each of these 15 standards from 6 perspectives:
Required / Optional
Performance Targets
Performance Monitoring
Prescriptive Design and Implementation
On-site Renewable Energy
Off-Site Renewable Energy
A summary of how each building standard stands in regard to the above criteria is presented in the table below:
Table 2: Overview of energy information from 6 perspectives for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
1. Required / Optional
Required/Optional refers to whether each building standard mandates the assessment of energy to achieve certification:
Required: Energy is a mandatory requirement or prerequisite to obtaining the standard’s certification.
Optional: Energy can earn points towards obtaining the standard’s certification. The certification can still be achieved even if none of the energy-related components are implemented.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 3: Overview of required/optional information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
Energy is a mandatory requirement to achieve certification for two standards, both of which are modular components of their respective building standards: RESET Energy, LBC Energy Petal, and NABERS Energy.
LEED v5, Passive House, Energy Star, BOMA BEST, SG Green Mark (2021), and HKGBC BEAM Plus require either an energy audit as one of the prerequisites or there are minimum score requirements for energy-related components.
For BREAAM v6, Green Globes, DGNB (In-Use), Home Performance Index, CASBEE, and China Green Building Standard, energy-related components contribute to the score via points or credits, but are not prerequisites for certification purposes.
2. Performance Targets
Performance Targets refer to whether the building standard requires a performance target for the project to hit. A performance target requires either a baseline threshold with a % improvement or a hard limit for kWh/sqm.
Building standards that score or award points for a project’s energy performance are considered optional.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 4: Overview of performance targets information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
RESET: Optional
RESET does not establish hard performance targets by default. RESET Energy projects that are accredited are required to choose their performance target to be certified against and anonymously benchmarked against other similar projects. Verification of whether a project succeeded in hitting its performance target is revealed after one year. (Weblink)LEED v5: Required
LEED v5 requires a minimum performance target of a baseline that complies with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or an approved equivalent standard with optional credits to be earned via improving through both prescriptive and performance methods against the baseline. (EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Efficiency, p53)BREEAM v6: Not specified
BREEAM does not specify performance targets that need to be met, but operational energy performance data needs to be modeled or reported. (Ene 01 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions)LBC v4.0: Required
Projects pursuing the LBC Energy petal must reduce total net annual energy consumption as compared to a baseline. New Buildings, Existing Buildings, and Interiors must achieve a reduction of 70%, 50%, and 35% respectively. On-site renewable power can be considered part of the reduction. Baselines are established by using tools such as Zero Tool or World Bank EDGE. (Imperative 07, p42)Passive House: Required
Passive House requires minimum thresholds on total energy consumption in kWh per square meter and a separate minimum performance threshold for energy consumption for heating and cooling. (Passive House Requirements)Green Globes: Optional
Green Globes offers multiple pathways to earn points. This can be achieved via a reduction over baseline, hitting certain Energy Star Benchmarking, ASHRAE Building EQ requirements, or obtaining a net zero carbon or energy certification. (3.1.1, p31)Energy Star: Required
An Energy Star score of 75 or higher is required to become certified, using an industry-specific Energy Star Energy Performance Indicator (EPI). Energy Star determines a building's score by benchmarking its metrics to those of similar buildings with the same primary use. (Weblink)BOMA BEST: Required
BOMA BEST requires performance targets to be planned and documented, but does not require verification of whether or not the targets are hit. (E0: E2.0)DGNB (In-Use): Optional
For DGNB, defining a performance target agreement for annual CO2 emissions can earn the project points (1.1). Additionally, the evaluation of the performance on whether the target was met, as well as how it performed compared to an external benchmark, both can earn the project points (6.1, 6.2). (ENV1-B Climate Action and Energy: p22, p24)SG Green Mark (2021): Required
SG Green Mark requires performance targets to be met for certification. There are 3 options/pathways for performance targets: EUI with a baseline for existing performance or energy modeling, Fixed Metrics for each area, and Energy Savings based on energy modeling paired with solutions. (Green Mark 2021: Energy Efficiency, p10)NABERS: Optional
For NABERS Energy, a specific performance target for the project is not required, but the rating is achieved via benchmarking the project against other NABERS rated projects. (1.1.1, p1)Home Performance Index: Required
Home Performance Index has a minimum requirement for energy performance. New buildings need to be at least 10% lower than the threshold set for the nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) and renovation projects need to have an energy consumption of ≤125 kWh/ m2/yr. Additional points can be earned by hitting stricter thresholds. (EN 6.1, p42)CASBEE: Optional
Performance targets based on the previous year’s numbers as a baseline are provided. CASBEE uses a Building Energy Index (BEI), a formula used to reflect the amount of energy consumed, with targets set at ≥1.10x, ≤1.05x, ≤1.00x, ≤0.90x, and ≤0.70x, corresponding to a score of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. (LR1.3a, p138)HKGBC BEAM Plus (Existing Building Global Version): Optional
HKGBC BEAM Plus offers 3 pathways to earn points. Pointes can be achieved either via an improvement of Project Energy Use Intensity (EUI) compared with a Weather Normalised Source EUI baseline obtained from Energy Star Portfolio, annual energy use reduction compared to a 3-year average energy consumption baseline, or a reduction in the average peak electricity demand compared to a 3-year average energy consumption baseline. (EU-05, p113)China Green Building Standard: Optional
Building energy consumption is reduced by either 10% or 20% compared to the current national energy conservation standards. (7.2.8, p24)
3. Performance Monitoring
Performance monitoring refers to tracking energy consumption within a building, aiming to provide insights into energy usage patterns, identify inefficiencies, and optimize energy performance for landlords and tenants.
Based on the recording time period, energy monitoring can be categorized into real-time (hourly) monitoring, monthly monitoring, and annual monitoring.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 5: Overview of performance monitoring information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
RESET: Required & Real-Time
RESET Energy requires real-time (at least hourly) continuous monitoring of energy consumption gathered through energy monitors. Results must be streamed to a software cloud data provider to be easily accessible. For certification, the data must be submitted continuously to the RESET Cloud for audit. (Weblink)LEED v5: Required & Interval not specified
Total consumption energy monitoring and submetering according to ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 is required for all LEED v5 projects. There is no specification for the time interval of the data, but requires data to be at least reported with monthly analytics. Data is required to be shared with the USGBC at least annually. (EA Prerequisite: Energy Metering and Reporting, p55)BREEAM v6: Not specified & Interval not Specified
Energy performance monitoring via metering and sub-metering can be used to earn exemplary credits. There is no specification for the time interval of the data, smart monitoring requirements, or reporting requirements. (Ene 01 & Ene 02a Energy monitoring)LBC v4.0: Required & Interval not Specified
Ongoing monitoring of energy is required until the certification audit. No specification around monitoring data time interval. (Imperative 07, p42)Passive House: Not specified
There is no mention of performance monitoring requirements.Green Globes: Optional & Interval not Specified
Points are awarded to projects that implement energy monitoring at the site level and via sub-metering. Time interval of the data nor how the monitoring data is reported and verified are not specified. (3.3.1.3, p42)Energy Star: Not Specified
Energy monitoring requirements are not specified, but utility data must be submitted and verified for certification. (Weblink) Data is required to be verified annually to maintain certification. (Weblink)BOMA BEST: Required & Monthly
Initial energy & carbon assessment requires the energy utility history of the at least the past 12 months. (E1.0a)DGNB (In-Use): Optional & Real-Time
Points can be earned by monitoring of energy consumption data, with different amount of points given for data that is collected annually, monthly, and continuously (2.1). Additional points can be earned for data analysis reports (3.1). (ENV1-B Climate Action and Energy: P22, p23)SG Green Mark (2021): Optional & Real-Time
Energy consumption monitoring is only required for projects pursuing certification via Pathway 2: Fixed Metrics. Gold Plus certification does not require any monitoring, but it is required for Platinum or SLE (Super Low Energy) depending on the Building Type. Although monitoring time interval is not explicitly stated, it can be assumed that the requirement is real-time since it requires an energy consumption monitoring and benchmarking system to be installed. No specification on how the data is reported to SG Green Mark. (Green Mark 2021: Energy Efficiency, p10)NABERS: Not Specified
Energy monitoring requirements are not specified, but 12 months of actual data are required to pursue NABERS Energy ratings. (1.1.3, p1)Home Performance Index: Optional & Interval not Specified
Space heat and hot water monitoring energy use can be monitored for extra points. There is no specification on data time interval (EC 4.0: Smart Monitoring, p89)CASBEE: Optional & Real-Time
CASBEE gives points for buildings that have ongoing monitoring of energy consumption, with additional requirements for sub-metering and data analytics. (LR1.4.1, p143-145)HKGBC BEAM Plus (Existing Building Global Version): Optional & Real-Time
Credits can be earned by equipping metering systems or a Building Management System (BMS) to monitor the energy consumption of the electrical loads of building systems managed by the landlord, including chillers, air handling, lift and escalators, lighting, and plumbing. Monitoring records should be at intervals of one hour or less. (EU-01, p102)China Green Building Standard: Optional & Interval not Specified
The energy consumption of heating and cooling sources, distribution systems, and lighting can be independently sub-metered for each respective component. There was no specification around data interval and reporting verification requirements. (6.2.6, p16)
4. Prescriptive Design and Implementation
Prescriptive Design and Implementation refers to the implementation of low-carbon design or the installation of energy-efficient equipment to reduce overall energy consumption. Low Carbon Design minimizes the need for mechanical heating and cooling via passive design elements. Energy-efficient equipment uses less energy compared to standard models via technological improvements or automation.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 6: Overview of prescriptive design and implementation information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
RESET: Not Specified
RESET is performance-based and does not have requirements around prescriptive design or implementations.LEED v5: Optional
In LEED v5, a project can earn credits for prescriptive design and implementations of low-carbon and energy-efficient systems. Credits include refrigerants, electrification, reducing peak thermal loads, and general energy efficiency, LEED v5 awards projects that adhere to ASHRAE 90.1 specifications. (EA Prerequisite: Operational Carbon Projection and Decarbonization Plan, p51)BREEAM v6: Optional
In BREEAM v6, projects can earn credits for incorporating passive design and low or zero carbon technologies. Projects can also earn credits by using energy-efficient systems for cold storage, transportation, laboratory systems, etc. An estimated contribution to the total equipment energy consumption, along with the expected reduction, needs to be reported to receive the credit. (Ene 03, Ene 04, Ene 05, Ene 06, Ene 07, Ene 08, Ene 10)LBC v4.0: Not Specified
LBC Certification is performance-based and does not have requirements around prescriptive design or implementations.Passive House: Required
Passive House is not directly prescriptive, but uses a performance-based metric to determine the effectiveness of passive low-carbon design and implementation. Space heating and cooling energy demand, airtightness, and thermal comfort must all be within range to achieve certification. Performance verifications of the effectiveness of the design and implementation are done via spot tests. (Weblink)Green Globes: Optional
Points are awarded for prescriptive energy measures for the building envelope, lighting, building automation, cooling, heating, hot water, air handling, and vertical transportation. (3.2, p34-p42)Energy Star: Optional
Energy Star offers recommendations on how to save energy in a building, but prescriptive actions do not directly affect your Energy Star score. Improvements to energy consumption will impact your score via the project vs. benchmarking data. (Weblink)BOMA BEST: Optional
Points are awarded to improving the energy efficiency of the building via conservation measures around lighting, HVAC, building automation, and passive design envelope improvements. (E5, E6, E7, E8, E10, E11)DGNB (In-Use): Optional
Implementation of improvement measures and measures for optimizing operation can earn the project points. Passive design is recommended, but not directly tied to points (3.2, 4.1). (ENV1-B Climate Action and Energy, p23)SG Green Mark (2021): Optional
Although not prescriptively specified, passive designs are encouraged and will receive full recognition for their contributions to energy savings via Pathway 3: Energy Savings (p7, p41). Additionally, energy-efficient systems, such as ones with automation, are required for SLE (Super Low Energy) certification. (Green Mark 2021: Energy Efficiency)NABERS: Not Specified
NABERS is performance-based and does not have requirements around prescriptive design or implementations.Home Performance Index: Optional
Points are awarded for electrical applications that meet certain ratings. (EC 5.0: Energy Labelled Goods, p91)CASBEE: Optional
CASBEE has a section on Natural Energy Utilization that gives points for using natural energy for daylight and air movement and ventilation without mechanical force. (LR1.2, p134)HKGBC BEAM Plus (Existing B Global): Optional
Points can be earned via the implementation of energy-efficient practices and measures that improve building energy performance (i.e. air handling, lighting, lift, etc). Low Carbon design is not specified in the Exisiting Global version of the standard, but is mentioned in the Hong Kong version. (EU-05, p117)China Green Building Standard: Required
Passive design techniques for the building envelope that can reduce heating and cooling loads by 5%, 10%, or 15% meet the one-star, two-star, and three-star rating requirements respectively. (3.2.8 & 7.2.4, p5 & 22) Points are awarded for ultilizing energy-efficient electrical applications. (7.2.7, p23)
5. On-site Renewable Energy
On-site renewable energy refers to renewable energy systems that are installed within the project boundaries. On-site renewable energy is one of the strategies for reducing carbon emissions.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 7: Overview of onsite renewable energy information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
RESET: Optional
The RESET Energy Standard includes an Operating Carbon Net-Zero Certificate that can be awarded to projects that achieve operating carbon neutrality without externally financed offsets, leveraging only internally or locally generated renewable energy. (Weblink)LEED v5: Optional
Supplying or procuring a percentage of annual energy from approved renewable sources is a possible route to earn points toward LEED v5 certification. On-site Renewable Energy is classified as Tier 1 and Off-site Renewable Energy is classified as Tier 2 or 3. Projects can choose whether they want to score through Tier 1 or Tier 2/3 options. (EA Credit: Renewable Energy, p66-p67)BREEAM v6: Optional
Exemplary credits can be awarded when using on-site (or near-site) renewable energy to meet energy demand, referred to as LZC (low or zero carbon) technology in the technical manual. (Ene 01)LBC v4.0: Required
On-site renewable energy can be included in energy reduction for the Energy Core Imperative. Renewable energy systems must be designed into the project, but do not have to be installed for certification. For Energy Imperative 08 Net Positive Carbon can be achieved if on-site renewable energy can supply 105% of the project’s annual needs without combustion. Additionally, on-site renewable energy can also be used towards achieving the Zero Energy (ZE) and Zero Carbon (ZC) Certifications. (Imperative 7, 8, p25 & p42 & p43)Passive House: Optional
Instead of promoting renewable energy, Passive House implements a cap on renewable energy so the focus is maintained on energy efficiency. Passive House requires that Primary Energy Renewable (PER), or renewable energy, must not exceed 60 kWh/m2/year. (Weblink)Green Globes: Optional
Points are awarded depending on how much of the total energy consumption is provided by renewable onsite energy sources. (3.4.1A, p44-p45)Energy Star: Not Specified
On-site renewable energy is not mentioned.BOMA BEST: Not Specified
On-site renewable energy is not mentioned.DGNB (In-Use): Optional
Renewable energy generated on-site does not directly earn points, but can be leveraged towards the DGNB Climate Positive Award for buildings that are considered as ‘climate positive’ and towards Carbon neutrality (7.1), which does have points for hitting carbon neutral for operational only or operational and embodied. (ENV1-B Climate Action and Energy, p14 & p24)SG Green Mark (2021): Optional
Although not prescriptively specified, onsite renewable will receive full recognition for their contributions and can be used to offset energy consumption. (p7-p8) SG Green Mark evaluates projects' renewable energy measures from three perspectives: Solar Energy Feasibility Study, Solar Ready Roof, and Adoption of Renewable Energy. (Green Mark 2021: Energy Efficiency)NABERS: Not Specified
Renewable energy is not included in a NABERS rating because it is not part of the efficiency of the building. (Weblink)Home Performance Index: Optional
If 100% of operational energy is offset by on-site or off-site renewable energy, the project can be awarded Zero Carbon certification. (2.11 Zero Carbon Definition, p22)CASBEE: Optional
On-site renewable energy can be used towards the Building Energy Index (BEI) to offset the primary energy consumption of a building. (LR1.3a, p138)HKGBC BEAM Plus (Existing Building Global Version): Optional
Points are awarded depending on how much of the annual building energy consumption in the communal area is obtained from on-site renewable energy sources. (EU-02, p105)China Green Building Standard: Optional
Points are awarded based on the proportion of renewable energy used for domestic hot water, cooling, heating, and electricity. (7.2.9, p24)
6. Off-Site Renewable Energy
Off-site renewable energy primarily refers to Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). RECs can be bought and sold on the open market as an energy commodity to neutralize Scope 2 emissions for projects that are aiming to lower their carbon footprint. PPAs can be signed to designate that the renewable energy produced is attributed to a certain project.
Details are provided in the table below:
Table 8: Overview of off-site renewable energy information for each building standard. (Note: To see the table more clearly, please click the image to open it in a separate tab or zoom in)
RESET: Optional
The RESET Energy includes an optional "Operating Carbon Neutral Certificate" that can be awarded to projects that achieve operational carbon neutrality with the help of externally financed offsets such as RECs. (Weblink)LEED v5: Optional
Same as on-site renewable energy, supplying or procuring a percentage of annual energy from approved renewable sources is a possible route to earn points toward LEED v5 certification. On-site Renewable Energy is classified as Tier 1 and Off-site Renewable Energy is classified as Tier 2 or 3. Specific requirements around how to attribute off-site renewable energy is specified. (EA Credit: Renewable Energy, p66 - p67)BREEAM v6: Optional
Exemplary credits can be awarded when using near-site (or on-site) renewable energy to meet energy demand, referred to as LZC (low or zero carbon) technology in the technical manual. (Ene 01)LBC v4.0: Optional
Off-site renewable energy can be used towards achieving the Zero Carbon (ZC) Certification. (Other ILFI Certifications, p25)Passive House: Not Specified
Off-site renewable energy is not mentioned.Green Globes: Optional
Off-site renewable energy is an alternative pathway relative to on-site renewable energy. Points are awarded depending on renewable energy purchase agreements, direct delivery, and how much of the total energy consumption is provided by renewable offsite energy sources. (3.4.1B, p45-p456)Energy Star: Not Specified
Off-site renewable energy is not mentioned.BOMA BEST: Not Specified
Off-site renewable energy is not mentioned.DGNB (In-Use): Optional
Renewable energy purchased off-site does not directly earn points, but can be leveraged towards the DGNB Climate Positive Award for buildings that are considered as ‘climate positive’ and towards Carbon neutrality (7.1), which does have points for hitting carbon neutral for operational only or operational and embodied. (ENV1-B Climate Action and Energy, p14 & p24)SG Green Mark (2021): Optional
Off-site renewable energy is mentioned in Green Mark 2021’s Zero Energy certification, where both onsite and off-site renewable energy can be used for offsetting the building operational energy. (Green Mark 2021: Energy Efficiency, p9)NABERS: Not Specified
Off-site renewable energy is not mentioned.Home Performance Index: Optional
If 100% of operational energy is offset by on-site or off-site renewable energy, the project can be awarded Zero Carbon certification. (2.11 Zero Carbon Definition, p22)CASBEE: Not Specified
Off-site renewables is not specified to impact any scoring in the CASBEE certification.HKGBC BEAM Plus (Existing Building Global Version): Optional
Points are awarded depending on how much of the building energy consumption in the communal area is obtained from purchased Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) and/or recognized off-site green power. (EU-02, p105)China Green Building Standard: Not Specified
Off-site renewable energy is not mentioned.
Sources
LEED v5: https://www.usgbc.org/leed/v5
LEEDv5 Rating System - Building Design and Construction: New Construction
(https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/LEED-v5-BDC-New-Construction-Public-Comment-1.pdf)
BREEAM v6: New Construction. https://breeam.com/standards
Technical Manual (New Construction) (https://files.bregroup.com/breeam/technicalmanuals/sd/international-new-construction-version-6/?#06_energy/energy.htm)
LBC: https://living-future.org/lbc/
'LBC v4.0 Handbook' International Living Future Institute, 2019. (https://living-future.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/LBC-4_0_v14_2_compressed.pdf)
Passive House: https://passiv.de/en/02_informations/02_passive-house-requirements/02_passive-house-requirements.htm
Green Globes: Existing Buildings.
ANSI/GBI 02-2023: Green Globes Assessment Protocol for EXISTING BUILDINGS (https://thegbi.org/green-building-standards/eb/ansi-gbi-02-2023/)
Energy Star: Commercial Buildings. https://www.energystar.gov/buildings (all content available on left hand side navigation)
BOMA BEST v4: Energy & Carbon.
DGNB (In-Use): https://www.dgnb.de/en/certification/buildings/buildings-in-use (DGNB Criteria Set Buildings In Use, Version 2020)
'DGNB System Buildings in Use Criteria Set' DGNB Global Benchmark for Sustainability, 2020, pp. 20-33. (https://www.dgnb.de/en/certification/important-facts-about-dgnb-certification/certify-projects-internationally)
SG Green Mark (2021): https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/sustainability/green-mark-certification-scheme/green-mark-2021
GM: 2021 Energy Efficiency Document (https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp-buildsg/sustainability/20240101_energy_simplified_ver2.pdf)
NABERS: https://www.nabers.gov.au/ratings/our-ratings/nabers-energy
The Rules: Energy and Water for Offices v5.1 (https://www.nabers.gov.au/publications/nabers-energy-and-water-offices-rules)
Home Performance Index: https://homeperformanceindex.ie/technical-manual-download/
"HPI Technical Manual v3.0" Irish Green Building Council, 2022, pp. 42 & 89-91. https://homeperformanceindex.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/HPI-Technical-Manual-v3.0.pdf
CASBEE: - https://www.ibecs.or.jp/CASBEE/english/downloadE.htm
"CASBEE for Building (New Construction) Technical Manual" Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation, 2014, pp. 131-146 (https://www.ibecs.or.jp/CASBEE/english/download/CASBEE-BD%28NC%29e_2014manual.pdf)
HKGBC BEAM Plus: https://www.hkgbc.org.hk/eng/beam-plus/beam-plus-references/manuals-assessment/manuals-assessment.jsp
Existing Buildings Global v1.0 Manual PDF: https://www.beamsociety.org.hk/BEAM-Plus/-/media/A3A4107075214B8DB977C3DBD2DB0651.ashx
China Green Building Standard: https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/zhengce/zhengcefilelib/201905/20190530_240717.html.
PDF: ‘绿色建筑评价标准’ China CABR, 2018, pp. 22-24.
This comparative report series is a work in progress. In the meantime, if you have any comments or feedback (i.e. mistakes, content you want us to add, etc.), please do not hesitate to let us know by emailing us at info@reset.build.
Research performed by Flynn Andersen Nesbit and Ryan Ni.
About RESET®
RESET® is a performance data standard and certification program, created and managed by GIGA, to develop actionable, long-term strategies toward regenerative health and sustainability for the built environment. RESET focuses on creating a structure around data and analytics to generate opportunities for improvement and optimizations by combining the development of continuous monitoring and cloud software to increase the visibility of health and sustainability data.
For more information about RESET, please visit: https://www.reset.build/